Operators in C

Operators in C

Arithmetic Operators: 

 The binary arithmetic operators are +, -, *, /, and the modulus operator %. The % operator cannot be applied to a float or double.

           Operator          Meaning                       example
               +             Addition or unary Plus        x + y
               -             Subtraction or unary minus    x - y
               *             Multiplication                x * y
               /             Division                      x / y
               %             Modulus                       x % y

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
    int x, y, z;
    x = 20, y = 5;
    printf("%d %d %d %d %d \n", x+y, x-y, x*y, x/y, x%y);
    return 0;
}

Relational Operators:

 Relation operators check the relation between two operands. If the relation is true, it returns 1 or it returns 0. The relational operators are  >,  >= , <,  <=, == ,!=

           Operator          Meaning                       example
               >             Greater than                  x > y
               >=            Greater than or equal to      x >= y
               <             Less Than                     x < y
               <=            Less Than or equal to         x <= y
               ==            Equal to                      x == y
               !=            Not equal to                  x != y

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
    int x, y, z;
    x = 20, y = 5;
    printf("%d %d %d %d \n", (x>y), (x<y), (x==y), (x!=y));
    return 0;
}

 Increment and Decrement Operators:

 Operators in C, The increment and decrement operators are ++, —

              Operator              Meaning               example
                 ++                 Increment              x++ or ++x
                 --                 Decrement              x-- or --x

x++, x– are post-increment/decrement, first value assign to x, later increment or decrement.

++x, –x are pre-increment/decrement, first increment or decrement the value, later value assign to x.

#include<stdio.h>
int main() {
    int x = 5;
    printf("%d ", x++);
    printf("%d ", ++x);
    printf("%d ", x--);
    printf("%d \n", --x);
    return 0;
}

Bitwise Operators:

operates individual bits of a given operand. operands should be of type (char, short, long, int)

           Operator          Meaning                       example
               &             Bitwise AND                   x & y
               |             Bitwise OR                    x | y
               ^             Bitwise exclusive OR          x ^ y
               <<            Left Shift                    x << y
               >>            Right shift                   x >> y
               ~             one's complement              ~x

 AND: If both operand bits are 1’s the corresponding bit result is 1, otherwise, the result is 0.

 OR: If anyone operand bit is 1’s the corresponding bit is 1, otherwise, the result is 0.

 exclusive OR: If both bits are 1’s or 0’s the result is 0, otherwise, the result is 1.

 Left shift: Shifts the bits to the given operand value to the right and assign the vacate bits with 0, can use in the place of ‘/’ operator if the right operand of ‘/’ can be represented to 2 power n format, shift left operand of ‘/’ operator by n times.

 Right shift: Shifts the bits to the given operand value to the left and assign the vacate bits with  0, can use in the place of ‘*’ operator if any operand ‘*’ can be represented to 2 power n format, shift the operand of ‘*’ operator by n times.

one’s complement (unary): Invert all of the bits of the operand 0 to 1 and 1 to 0.

#include<stdio.h>
int main() {
    int x = 2, y=10, z=-6;
    printf("%d %d %d %d %d %d\n",x&y,x|y,x<<2, y>>1,x^y,~z);
    return 0;
}

Assignment Operators and Expressions:

 Assignment operators use to assigning value to a variable. An expression such as 

                 i = i + 2 

In which the variable on the left side repeat immediately on the right, can be written in the compressed form 

                 i += 2 

The operator += is calling an assignment operator. Most binary operators (operators like + that have a left and right operand) have a corresponding assignment operator op=, where op is one of + – * / % << >> & ^ |

            i *= 2;

#include<stdio.h>
int main() {
   int x = 2;
   x += 2;
   printf("%d ", x);
   x -= 2;
   printf("%d ", x);
   x *= 2;
   printf("%d ", x);
   x /= 2;
   printf("%d ", x);
   x %= 2;
   printf("%d ", x);
   x &= 2;
   printf("%d ", x);
   x ^= 2;
   printf("%d ", x);
   x |= 2;
   printf("%d ", x);
   x <<= 2;
   printf("%d ", x);
   x >>= 2;
   printf("%d ", x);
   return 0;
}

Logical Operator:

An expression containing a logical operator returns either 0 or 1 depending upon whether the expression results in true or false. The logical operators are && (logical AND), || (logical OR), ! (logical NOT).

#include<stdio.h>
int main() {
    int a = 5, b =2, c = 10;
    if ((a>b) && (a < c)) {
        printf("Logical AND\n");
    }
    if ((a >c) || (b<a)) {
        printf("Logical OR\n");
    }
    if(!(a == b)) {
        printf("Logical NOT\n");
    }
    return 0;
}

Ternary operator:

The conditional expression, written with the ternary operator “?:”

#include<stdio.h>
int main() {
    int a = 10, b=5;
    printf("%d \n", (a>b)?a:b);
    return 0;
}

Typecast operator:

 This operator uses to convert from one type to another type.

#include<stdio.h>
int main() {
        int a = 50, b = 5;
        float c;
        c = (float)(a/b);
        printf("%f \n",c);
        return 0;
}

Comma Operator:

The Comma operator uses to link related expressions together.

int i=0, j=2, z=6;

Sizeof Operator:

The Sizeof operator uses to get the size of the variables like constants, variables, arrays, structures, etc.

#include<stdio.h>
int main() {
    int a = 5;
    struct x {
        int q;
        char w;
    };
    char d;
    int arr[] = {1,2,3,4,5};
    printf("%ld %ld %ld %ld \n", sizeof(a), sizeof(struct x), sizeof(d), sizeof(arr));
    return 0;
}